
A |

B | 而越是这样吸油的头发,在这种突如其来的、巨大的环境污染治理中越有利。

C | Islamabad, Oct 21 (UNI) The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) on Friday removed Pakistan from a list of countries under “increased monitoring”, also known as the “grey list”.
Addressing the press conference at the conclusion of the its plenary, President Raja Kumar noted that Pakistan had been on the grey list since 2018.
“It has two concurrent action plans. After a lot of work by Pakistan authorities, they have largely addressed all of the action plan items,” he said.
He stated that the task force had conducted an onsite visit at the end of August. The onsite team verified that there is a high-level of commitment from the Pakistani leadership, sustainability of reforms and commitment to make improvements in the future, he said.
“As a result of these action plans, Pakistan has made significant improvements to strengthen the effectiveness of this framework for combatting terrorism financing.”
Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari was quick to congratulate the country on the development moments before the FATF press conference began, according to Dawn reports.
Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said Pakistan’s exiting the FATF grey list is a “vindication of our determined and sustained efforts over the years”, according to reports.
He congratulated the civil and military leadership as well as all institutions whose hard work led to today’s success. “Aap sab ko bohat bohat Mubarak,” the premier said, following up with a text smiley.
In a follow-up tweet, PM Shehbaz particularly commended the role and efforts of Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto, Army Chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa and their teams and all political parties for putting up a united front to get Pakistan out of the grey list.
Pakistan was included among jurisdictions under increased monitoring list in June 2018 for deficiencies in its legal, financial, regulatory, investigations, prosecution, judicial and non-government sector to fight money laundering and combat terror financing considered serious threat to global financial system.
Islamabad made high-level political commitments to address these deficiencies under a 27-point action plan. But later the number of action points was enhanced to 34.
The country had since been vigorously working with FATF and its affiliates to strengthen its legal and financial systems against money laundering and terror financing to meet international standards in line with 40-recommendations of the FATF.
A 15-member joint delegation of the FATF and its Sydney-based regional affiliate — Asia Pacific Group — paid an onsite visit to Pakistan from Aug 29 to Sept 2 to verify the country’s compliance with the 34-point action plan committed with the FATF.
The authorities that had kept the countrywide visit of the delegation low profile later termed it “a smooth and successful visit”.
The delegation had detailed discussions with relevant agencies pursuant to the authorisation of onsite Visit by FATF Plenary in June 2022.
According to the Foreign Office, the focus of the visit was to validate on ground Pakistan’s high-level commitment and sustainability of reforms in AML/CFT regime and [it] looked forward to logical conclusion to the evaluation process.
Pakistan believed that as a result of strenuous and consistent efforts over the past four years, it has not only achieved a high degree of technical compliance with FATF standards but also ensured high level of effectiveness through implementation of two comprehensive FATF action plans.
In June this year, FATF had found Pakistan “compliant or largely compliant” on all the 34 points and had decided to field an onsite mission to verify it on ground before formally announcing the country’s exit from the grey list that finally took place in August and September.
In terms of technical compliance with FATF standards, Pakistan has been rated by APG as “compliant or largely compliant” in 38 out of 40 FATF recommendations in August this year, which placed the country among the top compliant countries in the world.
UNI GNK。

D |
图片来源:Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council就在不久前,这只海獭正在美国阿拉斯加州偏僻、风景优美的威廉王子湾的海洋中觅食,然而不幸的是,它遇到了全美国最严重的石油泄漏事件之一。一艘油轮由于年久失修和船员的疏忽,在多次触礁后开始泄漏石油,一直持续了数天,最终有 3.7 万吨石油泄漏到了威廉王子湾中。这里美丽的生态环境因为这次泄漏中变得疮痍,长达 320 千米的海岸线受到了严重的石油污染。看着油乎乎、可怜的海獭,McCrory 的脑海中突然有了一个灵感。作为理发师,他经常看到各种泛着油光的头发,他想到如果海獭的皮毛能吸附这么多的石油,那么人的头发是不是也可以?图片来源:Pixabay他很快开始动手验证自己的想法:他收集了 2.5 千克左右客人被剪下的头发,放进了妻子的连裤袜,并将 2 只裤脚系在一起,让其变成了一个环形。在这之后,他将环形的连裤袜放在水池中,并将用过的机油倒在环形中间。随后他将连裤袜合在一起,发现连裤袜之外没有机油流出来,而当他把连裤袜从水中提起来时,发现大部分机油已经吸附在头发上——这些机油在头发表面分层聚集起来了。
E |

F | 测试的结果令人惊喜,实验人员发现
11.3 吨聚集在一起的头发,足以吸收 17 万加仑(约 64 万升)水面上的石油,且头发吸附石油的速度很快。这个方法逐渐被用在石油泄漏的清理中,在随后的数十年中,这种方法历久弥新,成为了一种很受欢迎、处理石油泄漏和污染的方法。2006 年,为了应对吉马拉斯省附近岛屿周围的 18.9 万升工业燃料泄漏,菲律宾的居民进行了一次全国范围内的剪发运动,一些监狱甚至剃光了囚犯的头发和胸部的毛发。2020 年,当日本的一艘油轮在毛里求斯沉没时,1000 吨石油泄漏到珊瑚礁时,当地的居民为了保护当地特有的生态和物种多样性,也积极开展了一次大型的理发活动。他们将这些头发和甘蔗叶、稻草编织在一次,做成网来阻止石油污染的蔓延。
G |
图片来源:Pixabay人类的头发主要由角蛋白、粘合物质以及少量的水组成,具有很强的亲脂性和排水性。在显微镜下,其外层排列的毛鳞片使得头发能牢固地吸附油脂。据悉,1 千克的头发或可以吸附 8 千克的石油。2018 年,澳大利亚悉尼科技大学的 2 位研究人员在《环境管理杂志》(Journal of Environmental Management)杂志上发表的一项研究中发现,与纤维素、棉花等材料相比,头发吸附油脂的能力明显更好。
H |
2020 年,该校的研究人员还发现,狗毛吸附原油的能力和人造纤维、聚丙烯吸附剂相当,会比另一种商业吸附剂——泥炭藓的效果更好。人和狗狗的毛发可以作为一种有效、可持续的工具,来清除陆地上的石油污染物。
I | 不过这些吸附了石油的头发也不能留在海洋中,如果不及时处理,也会造成严重的生态危害。

J | 目前,委内瑞拉大约三分之二的石油都产自这一地区。
不过,由于缺乏维修资金,成千上万的石油井架和数千千米运输原油的管道正在慢慢腐烂,原油正在持续不断地往外泄漏。当地渔民经常能发现自己的渔网和捕获的鱼浸泡在原油中。图片来源:Joshua Stevens/美国航空航天局EOSDIS LANCE和GIBS/Worldview的MODIS/美国地质调查局的陆地卫星2021 年 9 月 25 日,美国航空航天局(NASA)的科研人造卫星 Aqua 经过这一区域时,其携带的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)拍摄下了完整的马拉开波湖。在这张照片中,马拉开波湖呈现为诡异、浓郁的墨绿色。水流和漩涡中是成片成片的绿色、棕褐色和灰色阴影。
K |
它揭示着马拉开波湖里已经持续了 10 年的遭遇:来自上游河流的污染物和富营养化,让其中的藻类大量繁殖、一次次暴发,而大量的原油还在持续不断地泄漏。然而当时几乎没有任何防治措施,当地的官员们会将污染淡化为“视觉问题”或认为“并不是一个大问题”。这也点燃 Estrach 的积极性,她想要试着去缓解马拉开波湖的石油污染问题。图片来源:Pixabay当看到“用人的头发治理石油污染”这个方法时,Estrach 第一感觉是有点疯狂,不过考虑到有这么多国家做了且取得了不错的效果,为什么不能在马拉开波湖试试呢?Estrach 创立了一个环保人士的活动网站“美人鱼项目”(Proyecto Sirena),投身在治理石油污染中,越来越多的志愿者也开始通过这一网站和 Estrach 一起收集人们剪下的头发,成千上万受到鼓动的人们也在类似的组织活动中积极捐出了自己的头发。一些人甚至还会带着自己的狗狗来剃毛。截至目前,Estrach 每 3 个月都能收集到 7 吨的头发。Sirena 回到自己此前就读的学校,尝试复刻与 McCrory 合作过的加州组织 Matter of Trust 使用头发的方法,来处理石油泄漏。针对于马拉开波湖湖面上的石油,他们采取了和 McCrory 相似的方法,把头发放进连裤袜后,将它们连接起来组成类似“香肠”网的结构。他们会用这些“香肠”网将水面上的浮油包住,防止它们进一步扩散。而对于海岸边的原油,他们会尝试将头发制成垫子,来对其进行清除。除此之外,Sirena 的团队也在考虑一些比较环保的方法,来处理吸附原油后的头发。
L | 这些方法也极大地降低了处理石油污染的成本。
全球化的石油运输网络可以让从地下开采出的、丰富的石油,达到世界上绝大多数的角落,包括无数生境优美、有着独一无二生物多样性的区域。然而,一旦石油泄漏,海洋中的生态环境会由于石油对氧气的阻隔,生态平衡逐渐崩溃。石油也会威胁鱼、水鸟等生物的生存。而陆地上的石油污染会破坏土壤和地下水,威胁植物,甚至直接威胁人类的健康。除了这种简单有效的方法,我们或许还需要更全面的措施,来缓解工业化和生态环境的冲突。Current article:http://pcm3.wenwancaomohenenqiongpangshun.bond/news/20260826_135.html
Published on:13:19:07